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Third Quarter Review of Monetary Policy 2010-11 click here
Third Quarter Review of Monetary Policy 2010-11
-Announced on the 25th January 2011
I. The State of the Economy
The Domestic Economy
15. However, year-on-year nonfood credit growth has been above the Reserve Bank’s indicative projection of 20 per cent since early October 2010, rising to 24 per cent by end-December 2010. The wide gap between credit growth and deposit growth resulted in a sharp increase in the incremental non-food credit-deposit ratio to 102 per cent by end-December 2010, up from 58 per cent in the corresponding period of previous year.
16. Disaggregated data suggest that credit growth, which was earlier driven by the infrastructure sector, is becoming increasingly broad-based across sectors and industries, evidencing growth momentum and demand pressures. Credit flow to the services sector increased significantly for transport operators, tourism, hotel and restaurant and commercial real estate, besides retail housing and personal loans. As regards industry, apart from infrastructure, increase in credit was significant for metals, engineering, textiles, food processing and chemical and chemical products.
17. Rough estimates showed that the total flow of financial resources from banks and non-banks to the commercial sector during April-December 2010 was `9,01,000 crore, up from `6,36,000 crore during the corresponding period of last year. While bank credit to the commercial sector surged, the flow of funds from other sources was lower than last year’s level mainly on account of lower net inflows from foreign direct investment (FDI).
18 . As part of the calibrated exit from the crisis driven expansionary monetary stance, the Reserve Bank increased the repo rate by 150 basis points (bps) and the reverse repo rate by 200 bps during March–November 2010. In addition, the cash reserve ratio (CRR) was raised by 100 bps. In response to these monetary policy measures, scheduled commercial banks (SCBs) raised their deposit rates in the range of 25-250 bps during March 2010 -January 2011 across various maturities, indicating strong monetary policy transmission.
19. The Base Rate system replaced the Benchmark Prime Lending Rate system with effect from July 1, 2010. Several banks reviewed and increased their Base Rates by 25-100 bps between July 2010 and January 2011. Base Rates of 67 banks with a share of 98 per cent in the total bank credit were in the range of 7.5-9.0 per cent in December 2010.
20. Tight liquidity conditions persisted throughout the third quarter of 2010-11. The average daily net injection of liquidity through the liquidity adjustment facility (LAF) increased from around `62,000 crore in October to around `99,000 crore in November and further to around `1,20,000 crore in December, with the peak injection of around `1,71,000 crore on December 22, 2010. While the overall liquidity in the system has remained in deficit consistent with the policy stance, the extent of tightness after the Second Quarter Review of 2010-11 was outside the comfort zone of the Reserve Bank, i.e., (+)/(-) one per cent of net demand and time liabilities (NDTL) of banks. Above-normal government cash balances, which rose from an average of `73,000 crore in October to `1,53,000 crore by the second half of December 2010, contributed to the frictional component of liquidity deficit. However, the widening difference between credit and deposit growth rates coupled with high currency growth accentuated the structural liquidity deficit.
21. The Reserve Bank instituted a number of measures to mitigate the liquidity deficit. First, the statutory liquidity ratio (SLR) of SCBs was reduced from 25 per cent of their NDTL to 24 per cent with effect from December 18, 2010. Second, it conducted open market operation (OMO) purchase of government securities of the order of over `67,000 crore. Third, additional liquidity support to SCBs was provided under the LAF. This facility, which was initially available up to 2 per cent of their NDTL, was brought down to one per cent of NDTL after reduction in the SLR by one percentage point. Fourth, a second LAF window was introduced.
22. Government spending resulted in a reduction of its cash balances during January 2011 (up to January 21, 2011). As a result, the average daily net liquidity injection through the LAF declined from around `1,20,000 crore during December 2010 to around `90,000 crore in January 2011 (up to January 21, 2011).
23. Reflecting the improvement in the tight liquidity conditions, the average daily call rate moderated from 6.7 per cent during December 2010 to 6.5 per cent in January 2011 (up to January 21, 2011). At the longer end, 10-year government security (G-Sec) yield, which had generally remained above 8 per cent during most of October-November 2010 on account of inflationary pressures and persistent liquidity tightness, also softened in the second half of December 2010. However, the yield on 10-year G-sec moved up again to 8.2 per cent by January 21, 2011, reflecting both liquidity conditions and inflationary expectations.
24. Over 95 per cent of the Central Government’s budgeted borrowing programme (net) was completed by January 24, 2011. During the first eight months of 2010-11, the fiscal deficit of the Central Government was less than 50 per cent of the budget estimates. The one-off revenue generated from spectrum auctions, estimated to be around 1.5 per cent of GDP for the year, has been a major contributor to the current improvement on the revenue side.
25. During 2010-11 (up to December 2010), the real exchange rate of the rupee showed a mixed trend. It appreciated by 3.7 per cent on the basis of the trade based 6-currency real effective exchange rate (REER), reflecting both nominal appreciation of the rupee against the US dollar and the higher inflation differential with major advanced countries. However, against broader baskets of 36-currency and 30-currency REER, the rupee depreciated over its March 2010 levels by 0.6 per cent and 2.5 per cent, respectively.
26. On a balance of payments (BoP) basis, the trade deficit widened to US$ 35.4 billion in Q2 of 2010-11 from US$ 31.6 billion in Q1. Coupled with stagnation in invisibles receipts, this led to a widening of the current account deficit (CAD) from US$ 12.1 billion in Q1 of 2010-11 to US$ 15.8 billion in Q2 of 2010-11. In the first half of 2010-11, the CAD expanded to 3.7 per cent of GDP from 2.2 per cent in the corresponding period of last year. Subsequent trade data indicate faster growth in exports vis-a-vis imports which may help improve the CAD in Q3 of 2010-11. However, the sharp increase in global commodity prices, particularly oil, could have an adverse impact on our trade balance going forward. For the year as a whole, India’s CAD is expected to be close to 3.5 per cent of GDP.
>>>GO TO PREVIOUS PAGE
Click Here For Press Statement by Dr. D. Subbarao, Governor on Third Quarter Review
Macroeconomic and Monetary Developments: Third Quarter Review 2010-11
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Highlights of Third Quarter Review of Monetary Policy 2010-11....Click Here
Mixed reactions from Banks, Economists, India Inc on RBI 3rd Qtr Review 2010-11 ....Click Here
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